宇宙时空之旅第二季

依个人喜好摘录，绝大部分采集自网上下载的本片英文字幕，经过排版格式编辑整理，仅粗略核对过，不保证完全正确。


E2

Evolution really happened. Accepting our kinship with all life on Earth is not only solid science. In my view, it's also a soaring spiritual experience.

Science works on the frontier between knowledge and ignorance. We're not afraid to admit what we don't know. There's no shame in that. The only shame is to pretend that we have all the answers.


E3

The human talent for pattern recognition is a two-edged sword. We're especially good at finding patterns, even when they aren't really there -- something known as "false pattern recognition." We hunger for significance, for signs that our personal existence is of special meaning to the universe. To that end, we're all too eager to deceive ourselves and others, to discern a sacred image in a grilled cheese sandwich or find a divine warning in a comet.

……

It's called the Oort Cloud, after Jan Oort, the Dutch astronomer who foretold its existence back in 1950. ...... Oort was also the first to correctly estimate the distance between the Sun and the center of our galaxy. That's a big deal -- finding out where we are in the Milky Way. Our star is about 30,000 light-years from the center. Oort was also the first guy to use a radio telescope to map the galaxy's spiral structure. And he discovered that the center of our galaxy was a place of titanic explosions, the first indication that there might have been a supermassive black hole lurking there.
Does the fact that most of us know the names of mass murderers, but never heard of Jan Oort, say anything about us?

At the time, the World Society of London was the world's clearinghouse of scientific discovery. Its motto, "Nullius in verba," sums up the heart of the scientific method. It's Latin for "see for yourself." In other words, "question authority."


E6

Democritus of Abdera was a true scientist, a man with a passionate desire to know the cosmos and to have fun. This is the man who once said, "a life without parties would be like an endless road without an end."
- "You mean, that's it? That's all there is? Just a bunch of atoms in a void?"
- "Yep. Well, think about it. The world has to be made of countless indivisible particles in a void. Otherwise, nothing could move or grow, be divided or changed without atoms and empty space for them to move in. So don't be sad, my friends. Just think of the infinite possibilities that arise from different arrangements of those atoms. Hails to the atoms, in this cup and in this wine... And to the laughter they make possible."


E9

Each of us is a tiny being riding on the outermost skin of one of the smaller planets for a few dozen trips around the local star.


E11

Human intelligence is imperfect, surely, and newly arisen. The ease with which it can be sweet-talked, overwhelmed, or subverted by other hard-wired tendencies, sometimes themselves disguised as the light of reason, is worrisome. But if our intelligence is the only edge, we must learn to use it better. To sharpen it. To understand its limitations and deficiencies. To use it as cats use stealth before pouncing. As walking sticks use camouflage. To make it the tool of our survival.
If we do this, we can solve almost any problem we are likely to confront in the next 100,000 years.

Our remote descendants, safely arrayed on many worlds throughout the solar system and beyond, will be unified by their common heritage, by their regard for their home planet, and by their knowledge that, whatever other life may be, the only humans in all the universe came from Earth.
They will gaze up and strain to find the blue dot in their skies. They will marvel at how vulnerable the repository of all our potential once was, how perilous our infancy, how humble our beginnings, how many rivers we had to cross... before we found our way.


E13

We call it "dark energy," but that name, like "dark matter," is merely a code word for our ignorance. It's okay not to know all the answers. It's better to admit our ignorance than to believe answers that might be wrong. Pretending to know everything closes the door to finding out what's really there.

---------- (↓ Carl Sagan, "Pale Blue Dot") ----------

That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that in glory and triumph they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner. How frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity – in all this vastness – there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.

The Earth is the only world known, so far, to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment, the Earth is where we make our stand. It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known.

---------- (↑ Carl Sagan, "Pale Blue Dot") ----------

How did we, tiny creatures living on that speck of dust, ever manage to figure out how to send spacecraft out among the stars of the Milky Way?
Only a few centuries ago, a mere second of cosmic time, we knew nothing of where or when we were. Oblivious to the rest of the cosmos, we inhabited a kind of prison -- a tiny universe bounded by a nutshell. How did we escape from the prison? It was the work of generations of searchers who took five simple rules to heart:

Question authority - No idea is true just because someone says so, including me. Think for yourself.
Question yourself - Don't believe anything just because you want to. Believing something doesn't make it so.
Test ideas by the evidence gained from observation and experiment - If a favorite idea fails a well-designed test, it's wrong! Get over it.
Follow the evidence, wherever it leads - If you have no evidence, reserve judgment. And perhaps the most important rule of all...
Remember, you could be wrong - Even the best scientists have been wrong about some things. Newton, Einstein, and every other great scientist in history, they all made mistakes. Of course they did -- they were human. Science is a way to keep from fooling ourselves... and each other.

Have scientists known sin? Of course. We have misused science, just as we have every other tool at our disposal, and that's why we can't afford to leave it in the hands of a powerful few. The more science belongs to all of us, the less likely it is to be misused.


附：本片的一个英文的 Episode Guide 加各集内容概要（概要其实相当详细，但并不是解说词的拷贝）：
http://evolution.about.com/od/Cosmos/

（一）
1995年秋，两次飓风之后，在安圭拉的加勒比岛东海岸，成群的美洲绿鬣蜥正在登陆。它们紧紧抱住浮木和被飓风连根拔起的树木，很有可能是从260公里外的岛屿漂流而至的。它们在新世界繁盛至今。

我们可以虚构，二三十亿年前大质量小行星群撞击地球，在靠近地球时，它们被地球引力扯裂，同时地球表面也被强大的引力撕扯分崩，随后的大撞击将地表碎片高速抛溅出地球，速度最快的碎片摆脱地球引力，飞离地球轨道或漂浮在地月系附近的行星轨道上；速度其次的碎片环绕地球形成卫星环；速度最差的碎片落回地面或弥漫在整个大气层中。请注意，这些碎片或尘埃上带有生命物质，其中一些生命有可能在太空或高空环境中蛰伏数年数十年甚至更久远。

大撞击有可能使得地表生命大面积灭绝，地球环境数年数十年不适合生命生存繁衍。当环境开始好转，地表生命不完全是由零开始。当初弥漫在大气中的生命有可能开始落会地表，环地球绕飞的碎片化作流星雨重返地表，行星轨道上的地球碎片化作流星雨重返地表，蛰伏其中的生命得以复苏。这些生命也有可能在太空环境中获得变异，以新的生命形式重返地球。

再往远处说，火星陨石或许带来另一颗类地行星的生命，彗星带来更遥远的太阳系外围的生命。

（二）
生命的故事是一个岛的故事、一个方舟的故事，这个岛是指宜居的时空，岛与岛之间是难以逾越的屏障。一个宜居时空经由非宜居时空与另一个宜居时空之间的过渡就是方舟。

一个人的精神有惬意的时候、有困顿的时候。无望中的自己，好比生命大灭绝时代的地球，当事竟时移，自己仿佛被掏空，没有复苏的丝毫希望。

它们来了！

【所有你曾经留意过、触摸过、想过的，定不负你。终有一天，它们会变成你困顿时的领悟，词穷之际的灵感。它们千里迢迢的来，只为了不辜负你对生命曾有过的那份天真与好奇，那种认真与善意。】


最末一段话来自怿婷。流星雨的故事来自纪录片《宇宙时空之旅》。绿鬣蜥的故事来自道金斯《地球上最伟大的表演：进化的证据》。

借此文纪念刚离开我们的罗宾•威廉姆斯，同时献给困顿中的我、困顿中的朋友们。

遵从5条简单规则who took five simple rules to heart.
1、质疑权威Question authority.
不轻信人言No idea is true just because someone says so,
包括自己在内including me.
2、独立思考Think for yourself.
3、自我质疑Question yourself.
不因自己想要相信 而相信任何事情Don't believe anything just because you want to.
相信不代表能成为现实Believing something doesn't make it so.
4、依靠观察与实验 Test ideas by the evidence gained
以实证检验想法from observation and experiment.
如果自己喜欢的想法没有通过全面的检验If a favorite idea fails a well-designed test,
它就是错的it's wrong!
乐观一点Get over it.
遵循证据 无论它指向哪里Follow the evidence, wherever it leads.
如果没有证据 不妄下定论If you have no evidence, reserve judgment.
5、也许最重要的规则就是 And perhaps the most important rule of all...
要记住 你也会犯错Remember, you could be wrong.
即使是最优秀的科学家Even the best scientists
也曾经在某些事情上犯错have been wrong about some things.
牛顿 爱因斯坦Newton, Einstein,
还有历史上每一位伟大的科学家and every other great scientist in history,
他们都犯过错they all made mistakes.
这很正常 是人都会犯错Of course they did-- they were human.


科学让我们不再欺骗自己Science is a way to keep from fooling ourselves...
欺骗别人and each other.
科学家们有罪吗Have scientists known sin?
有的Of course.
我们曾滥用科学We have misused science, just as we have
就像手边的工具一样随意使用every other tool at our disposal,
因此我们不能把科学and that's why we can't afford
放在少数的掌权者手中to leave it in the hands of a powerful few.
当科学更多的属于全人类时The more science belongs to all of us,
它就越不会被乱用the less likely it is to be misused.
科学的价值能阻止These values undermine the appeals
狂热与无知of fanaticism and ignorance

这部片子的视角更偏重文艺片——宇宙发现的历史，就是人的困惑和斗争的历史。不断地探索科学，摸索科学的精神，是我们人类不断迈向宇宙的动力。
此片制作精良，从自然科学角度也特别适合作为中小学生的启蒙之作。生物学、物理学、化学课的许多概念都可以完美呈现，而且极富趣味。
最后，以第13集收官之语来表达我滔滔不绝的敬意。花了接近半个小时才手打出这些字。字字精华。
        That's here. That's home. That's us.
        On it, everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, live out their lives.
        The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every father and mother, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of moral, every corrupt politician, every superstar, every supreme leader, every saint and sinner in the history of our species, live there...on the mote of dust suspended...in a sunbeam.
        The earth is a every small stage in a vast, cosmic arena.
        Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that in glory and triumph so they could become the momentary masters of a fraction... of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner. How frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the universe, are challenged by this point of pale light.
        Our planet...is a lonely speck in this great, enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. The Earth is the only world know so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment, the Earth is where we make our stand.
        It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than the distant image. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another and to preserve and cherish the pale dot, the only home we've ever know.
        How did we, tiny creatures living on this speck of dust, ever manage to figure out how to send spacecraft out among the stars of the Milky Way? Only a few centuries ago, a mere second of cosmic time, we knew nothing of where or when we were. Oblivious to the rest of the cosmos, we inhabited a kind of prison--a tiny universe bounded by a nutshell. How did we escape form the prion? It was the work of generates of searchers who took five simple rules to heart:
        Question authority. No idea is true just because someone say so, including me. Think for yourself.
        Question yourself. Don't believe in something just because you want to. Believing something doesn't make it so.
        Test ideas by the evidence gained from observation and experiment. If a favorite idea fails a well-designed test, it's wrong! Get over it.
        Follow the evidence, where ever it lead. If you have no evidence, reserve judgement.
        And perhaps the most important rule of all...Remember you could be wrong. Even the best scientists have been wrong about somethings. Newton, Einstein, and every other great scientist in the history, they all made mistakes. Of course they did--they are human. Science is a way to keep from fooling ourselves...and each other. Have scientists know sin? Of cause. We have misuse science, just as we have misuse every other tool at our disposal, and that's why we can't afford to leave it in the hands of a powerful few. The more science belongs to all of us, the less likely it is to be misused. These values undermine the appeals of fanaticism and ignorance and, after all, the universe is mostly dark, dotted by islands of light.

第一集
如果把宇宙的出生到现在这138亿年压缩成一年来看，我们的文明不过是占了最后的14秒，我们每一个人，伟大的历史，战争，发明，各种让我们引以为傲的东西都只有这么14秒，啊。布鲁诺在牛津大学演讲时说哥白尼只是带来了黎明，而现在由我来给你们带来日出，那个比喻好友意境，你射出一支箭，它到了墙上，说明你的世界就到这了，可是你站在墙上，往墙外再射一只箭呢，从布鲁诺走出那个帐篷，宇宙的无尽显现在他的眼前，教会烧了他的身体，却远远不能禁锢他的灵魂，他的灵魂、他的思想在无尽的宇宙里漂移。直接给画面惊到了，卡尔萨根。
第二集
从一只狼怎么被训我们“万物之灵”的人类给驯服，啊啊啊，我们好伟大啊，再看，不过是一个渺小的人工选择，46亿年的地球，都是自然选择的结果，所以呢，没必要骄傲，我们不过是幸运了一点，在一次又一次的DNA的突变的为了适应环境的选择中脱颖而出，又用觉得什么不开心，谁知道再过多少年我们再被更适应环境的给淘汰下去，我们引以为傲的几千年文明，多么艰难的进化史，在地球史上就已经看不见了，更不用说什么宇宙史了，所以，不开心或开心甚至遇到什么过不去这样烦那样烦其实显得似乎没什么必要，有什么能留下的呢？同时我们每一个人，每一个生物，一粒尘土，都是独一无二，这么长的地球史上你出现过，蹦跳过，一段时间内留下过一点痕迹，够了，该多幸运。
第三集
从摇篮里长大的婴儿终于开始走路了，从文明开始的人类一次次的对彗星的到来惊恐不已，不是以为战争就是瘟疫，粮食绝收，城市暴动等等不祥预兆，到现在我们终于可以怀着敬畏的心情去观赏它，多少人为了这一认识付出了坚信的努力，确实不知道，原来牛顿和哈雷还有这么好的关系，初中学物理的时候似乎隐隐约约听过胡克和他的弹簧和显微镜什么的，原来也这么厉害，就是有点小气和自私了，跟牛顿杠上了，还有开普勒的行星三大定律，地理上面也了解过一点，看着画面上的银河系和仙女系星座要撞上那里震撼不已，讲解者说就算碰到一起它们还要表演长达上亿年的舞蹈，等着看2061年的彗星吧。
第四集
原来天上的星星真的是灵魂，不过不是我们某一个人类的，而是那些星星的，如最后一句，虽然你知道那些星星有的已经死亡了，但它还是在照耀着我们，连看到的太阳都是八分钟以前的，宇宙神秘的让我想起来《三体》中那个自杀的杨冬，叶文洁的女儿，在发现自己母亲和三体人通讯的痕迹后自杀，不是伤心于母亲的背叛，也许是学过的可知论和不可知论，以前觉得怎么还会有人坚持认为这个世界是不会为我们所认识的呢？好正确啊，我们什么时候才能认识这个世界呢，你看看，黑洞里也许就藏着一个宇宙，而宇宙里再加上黑洞，哪里是个头呢？有一天真的赶上了光速，古代到今天那么多人想要长生不老就实现了，第四维到底会是个怎样的世界呢？心里真是十万个为什么，虽然一些术语听不大懂，但想想，空间和时间是第四维度的两极，创越时空似乎也不是不可能，平行宇宙也有可能真的存在啊。
第五集
威廉·赫歇尔，红外线，到这里一些地方看不懂，各种规律原理，原来光是有这么多种的，而去探索光的道路上也这么漫长，看着城市和星空在各种光下的画面觉得大自然真是奇妙，连一颗盐里面都有着这么大的世界，往内或是往外探索都一样是无穷无尽的，好期待光速。
第六集
很早就有谁说过一生一宿命，一花一世界，一个水珠里的世界其复杂程度不比我们这个现实差，以前学生物的时候讲过里面怎么像一个工厂，看看画面，只能惊叹的说不出话，原子什么的听说过一点，但这个中微子真的好奇妙，还有太阳的核聚变，小小的虫子都活了五亿年，我们看的一直是以前，光和时间的本质是什么啊，听的越多越感觉不可知论很有道理，人的力量哪有那么大。
第七集
克莱尔·帕特森，该记住这个名字，以前觉得好多东西都是从化石里面看到，还以为是通过岩层来测量地球的年龄，比如看悬崖上的某一层里有着贝壳化石，多少年前这里就是汪洋大海，可是最底层也不是地球形成之初就有的，从地球形成时遗留在外面的陨石来研究，当科学家都开始赚钱时好可怕，一开始他走在街上担心的看着每个人还以为要发生什么了，原来是铅中毒，缓慢却又致命，就这样，在测量地球年龄的路上他就这样救了全人类，查了下百科上面的铅中毒症状，真是触目惊心，严重的中枢神经系统病变如癫痫样发作，运动过度，攻击性行为，语言功能发育迟滞以至丧失，急性中毒病儿口内有金属味，流涎，恶心，呕吐，呕吐物常呈白色奶块状，谁都可以骗人，骗自然，但大自然从来都是最清醒的。
第八集
安妮·坎农、塞西莉亚·佩恩，宇宙恒星怎么演变，有一天太阳也走到了尽头，坍缩，看着满天的星星一个一个爆炸，天下没有不散的筵席，连它唯一存在过的证明就只是个发着黯淡星光的白矮星了，会不会有其他文明了解它曾经抚育过的世界和生命？没有东西一成不变。
第九集
玛丽·萨普、布鲁斯·希森，大陆漂移假说，地球的往事看着真艰难，我们该多么幸运才进化并活到了今天，据说魏格纳是在洗澡的时候看着水上漂浮的什么来着才有了这个想法，后来发现相距这么远的大陆多少个世纪前居然有着相同的物种，最深的地方是太平洋里的一个马里亚海沟，能在屏幕上一睹其容惊叹不以，地理上学过的知识有天能亲眼看看才好，以前对恐龙有着深深的迷恋，看好多什么未解之谜的书，后来也看过地质博物馆，现在看到这部纪录片，想着有很大可能就是小行星撞了地球，它们也难以预测，我们为什么不多借鉴前人经验，祖先不管是虫子还是其他什么东西，进化到今天真是奇迹，所以生命就是奇迹，我们都是惊天大灾难中幸存者的后代，这句话说得真好，该怎么把接力棒传下去呢？有一天我们的故事也在那个走廊里呈现，书写它的就是我们自己。
第十集
直接给跪了，今天我们之所以“享受”生活，可以说，没有法拉第，就没有我们这么舒适的现代社会，好像好多名人都不太上学，但他们爱学习，痴迷于其中，电磁感应，电动机，第二次科技革命的源头就从这里开始，好想看看他们专为青少年举办的年度圣诞科学讲座，电、光、磁原来是这么联系的，我们信息传播就在这里，极光真的好漂亮！世界上一切都可能如此美好，只要他们符合自然规律。
第十一集
美索不达米亚平原的人不知道他们的灌溉方式最终毁了他们的文明，可是我们知道我们饿所作所为会带来什么，所知道的和所做的永远都南辕北辙，自以为无坚不摧的文明也许毁灭于一次火山爆发，也许是超新星爆炸，也许是病毒细菌，也许是战争，我们把我们的智慧用到该用的地方去，不知道为什么，看到向宇宙里广播信号时就想到了三体里的黑暗森林理论，每一个文明都是带枪的猎人，我们非要燃起一堆火告诉我们在这儿，也说不定未来会怎么样呢。
第十二集
别让地球变成“曾经有一个世界”，金星上有智慧生物的话也改变不了失控的温室效应，年可能我们，万分之三不多不少，正好适合我们生存，多一点热，少一点冷，像向清洁能源的转变已经是一种共识，我们最大的特点就是适应力强，有问题了就试着去适应改变，太阳能风能等清洁能源巨人利用这么少，错过了两次使用太阳能的机会现在终于抓住了。
第十三集
抄了解说词，看的血脉沸腾。
在那里，那是家园，那是我们。在那里，你爱的每个人，你认识的每个人，你听说过的每个人，在这世上存在过的每个人，度过了自己的一生。
聚集在这里的，是我们的欢乐和痛苦，是成千上万的宗教信仰、意识形态，和经济学说每个猎手与觅食者，每个英雄与懦夫，每个文明的创立者和毁灭者，每个国王与农夫，每对年轻的爱侣，每一个母亲与父亲、充满希望的孩子们，发明家与探险家，每一位高尚的教师、每一位贪腐的政客，每一位超级明星、每一位最高领袖，人类史上的每一位圣人和罪人，都生活在这里，
如一粒微尘，悬浮在一束阳光之中。地球是一个很小的舞台，在浩瀚的宇宙背景下，想想过去的血流成河，那为帝王将相而流的血，只为让他们在光荣和胜利中，成为瞬间的伟人，占有那一个小点中…那一小部分。想想那无尽的残酷，图像里那一个像素点的某个角落的民众，每天把这残酷施加到与他们没什么区别的另一个角落的民众身上。他们为何常常误解，他们为何渴望杀死对方，他们的憎恨为何如此狂热。
我们在装模做样，我们自以为很重要，妄想着我们人类地位特殊，在宇宙中与众不同，这一切，都因这泛着苍白蓝光的小点而动摇。我们的星球，不过是一粒孤独的微尘，笼罩在伟大的宇宙黑暗之中。
我们默默无闻，沉浸在无尽的浩瀚里，没有一丝线索显示，除了我们自己，
还有谁能拯救我们。地球是目前已知唯一有生命的世界，生命再无其他去处，至少在不久的将来，亦是如此。没有外星球，供人类迁移，只可参观，不能定居。不管你喜欢与否，现在，只有地球供我们立足。据说研习天文，可以让人谦卑，塑造人心，磨炼个性，也许再没有更好的方法能比这遥远的画面更好地显示出人类的自负与愚蠢。
对我而言，它强调了我们的责任，要对人更友善，懂得珍惜与爱护，这泛着苍白蓝光的小点是我们知道的唯一的家园。
也许时间空间我们都一样微不足道，这一切都会过去，我们也不会起眼，但不会过去的是我们曾经存在过、好好活着。