川军老兵彭国臣

作为一部下到乡村跟拍抗战老兵晚年生活状态的纪录片而言，其拍摄所遇到的困难是可以想见的，而其所蕴含的意义也是非常重大的，作为抗战结束多年后在和平年代的后置位情况阐述，其直观的开示作用和对特殊历史的间接提点远比空乏的形式宣传来的有力。当然这股潜在的力度是直接建立在客观公正上的。 诚如蒋导映后所言的诸多拍摄难处，是远比脱离和主创交流自行观影所不易察觉的存在，诸如特定环境下的跟拍需要隐蔽身份等，以及如果拍摄对象生活中遭遇困境，拍摄人员该如何应对等问题，很大一部分程度上若拿捏不当即可能影响整体品质。这也是影片较多镜头属于平摄角度镜头的原因。而影片除了在客观阐述老兵生活和就医方面的困难问题外还兼带了扶贫落实存在出入的问题，能够在历史和社会两方面中做到承前启后是难能可贵的，仅剪辑上还能再协调下各块内容的占比偏带。 非常有幸能够参与这样意义重大的一部公益性质的纪录片观影活动，希望蒋导以后还能在纪录片领域有更多建树，功在不舍，贵在坚持。

纪录片《川军老兵彭国臣》主创阐述

Director's Interpretation of The Sichuan Army Veteran PENG Guochen

我是2012年返乡的，那会正在寻找新的纪录片题材。可能出于对历史感兴趣，加上那会民间关爱抗战老兵公益活动搞得轰轰烈烈。湖南是抗战期间重要的兵源地。据统计，抗战期间湖南兵源数额达210万，占全国征募总数的15% 。

直至现在，老家湖南还有不少健在的抗战老兵。本着抢救历史，我们团队陆陆续续拍摄了一百多位抗战老兵，大多是视频版口述史。真正跟拍的抗战老兵纪录片除了2015年的《龙老》，还有就是《川军老兵彭国臣》，还有一部就是正在后期中的《将军的卫士》。

由于我们跟拍二战老兵纪录片时间跨度比较长，跟拍到后面，抗战老兵只是我们纪录片里主人公的一个身份而已。虽然也牵涉到抗战老兵身份认可问题，片子更主要的是探讨中国日益严峻的养老问题。

我们有个传统就是养儿防老，只是改革开放经济发展，乡村空心化，乡村劳动力大多已外出务工，留下的基本是老人和小孩。老人是一个容易被忽视的群体，老人的孤独寂寞比物质上的匮乏更为严重，也更容易被忽视。

纪录片《川军老兵彭国臣》前半部分主要呈现伦理道德，就是晚辈对老人应承担的责任和义务。片子后半部分牵涉到社会的养老体系，比如医疗等社会保障福利，其实百姓跟政府要福利的意识也不强。我出生乡村，2012年返乡的，直到2017年08月份才来城市，主要也是因为我孩子教育问题。我和很多人一样逃离了乡村，主要因为乡村医疗教育太落后。社会资源分配很成问题，包括政策的落实一样存在严重的问题。

在乡村，我见过太多老人老无所依，这值得我们反思的。为什么中华民族发展到现在，国家号称很强大，为什么社会保障这么落后，尊老爱幼本是传统美德，为什么当今太多老人老无所依。

每个人都会老去，包括我也是一样，我希望到了那一天，我能有尊重地活着，有尊严地死去。

I went back to hometown in 2012 and looked for new documentary subject. Because I’m interested in history, and the civil public benefit activities for Anti-Japanese War veteran are very good, I paid attention to these veterans. Hunan is the important source of troops. According to statistics data, during Anti-Japanese War, the number of soldier is up to two million and one hundred thousand, they are 15% of the countrywide soldiery.

Till now there are still many Anti-Japanese War veterans are alive in Hunan. We shot over one hundred veterans for history salvage, most are oral history by video. For documentaries those we following shot, we finish Anti-Japanese War Veteran in 2015, The Sichuan Army Veteran PENG Guochen, also with another one that is in post production.

Because we spent too much time in following shooting Anti-Japanese War veterans, their identity is just one side shown in our documentary. Our documentary mainly discusses about the increasingly serious problem of supporting elder people even if it also shows the problem of identity acceptance.

Raising children to provide against old age is Chinese tradition, however because of the economic development, most of labor force leave the villages and go outside to work, just the old and children stay in villages. For the old, material deprivation is a serious problem, but what’s worse, they are too lonely, also are ignored too easily.

The front part of Sichuan Army Veteran PENG Guochen is to show the younger generation should be responsible for the older generation. The latter part shows more about our social pension system, also with medical security. Many common people don’t know how to get welfare from government clearly. I was born in village and return to hometown in 2012, I went to city in 2017 August, that’s mainly because I need to provide better education for my son, because the education and medical treatment are not developing in village. The social resources distribution is unfair, central policy implementation faces serious problem.

I have seen too many old men have no dependence in villages, we need to rethink about this situation. Why our country is stronger but the social security is not developing? Respect the old and love the young is our traditional virtue, why now so many the old are in such a poor situation.

Everyone gets old including me, I wish when I’m old, I can live and die with dignity.

蒋能杰 Jiang Nengjie

2018-01-03

初次看蒋导的作品，同时也是我看过的为数不多的独立纪录片之一。扶贫亦或是乡村，病痛亦或是死亡，对我而言，都还算山高水远。少年不知愁滋味，在此，也就算是欲赋新词强说愁罢。

扶贫的政策光芒下，是肮脏的现实，与我一同观看的德国姐姐，看罢后，只有三个字的评价，“很震惊。”农村的现实，和外国人对于中国的现代想象格格不入，宛如逐日的夸父忽然变成了遁地的土行孙。

虚伪的官员像是故宫的檐牙，引人注目又高不可攀。村民更像是被绳子挂着的赤裸的鸡和鱼，单纯又“愚蠢”，秘密又魔幻地沦为官员彰显功绩的正大光明的工具。鸡和鱼来自土地--村民赖以生存的空间，而它们的鲜血，又分明是一个个人肉包子。当村民接受鸡和鱼的一刹那，先前看似狂风骤雨的对庙堂的冲击就暴露出制度内的小打小闹的“挠痒”本质，再一次陷入被迫自我榨干、衰竭的死循环。

当难堪耻辱的晚年生活衍生出暂时的“欢愉”，观众的一片笑声中难掩铭心的仇恨。当媒体平台的喜讯与现实惨状构成强烈对比，晚年生活的孤苦形成了对政治层面的一种反叛洪流。当阅兵仪式盛满“面子工程”的极大讽刺，峥嵘岁月的深情回眸中多了一份触碰到现实高压电缆的真实剧痛。当愤怒的村民像燃烧的仓房般任人阉割，又有谁来给予老人一家鲜红的，哪怕是草绿的，老人口中不断赞美的领袖的祈福纸?而对老人精神勋章的承认，更是遥不可及。

人的情绪和苦难像平静的水面下的暗潮，冲不开现实的密闭铁笼，就只能涌入宗教的绿色出口，去寻求透明。幸好，这种地方腐败，只是阳光下的一角阴影，民间力量的觉醒，也成为当国家机器无法缝合创伤时的必要的良药。尽管，这种“必要”，本可以是“无需”。

彭国臣弯曲的双腿，在葬礼--他生命中难得的光荣时刻终于放平了。而不完善的制度和漏洞百出的地方执行的阻碍奔跑的双腿，何时能够放平呢？

关于抗战老兵题材的片子看的不多，也许这种题材本就不多吧！更何况是国民党老兵呢！ 看了这部纪录片只有一个深深的感触吧！无论你以前为了这个国家做过什么，付出过什么，不要太指望他们会在你凄凉多病的晚年记得你。即使是为了应付形式匆匆忙忙的来看你一眼也透漏着虚情和假意，特别是在农村。 片子本身流水账似的记录方式虽有些令人乏味但也真实客观冷静的记录老人晚年的生活。

在这个人心浮躁的环境下，这种关注老兵的纪录片尤其难能可贵！

《川军老兵彭国臣》，可谓是一部农村老人的悲歌。我的爷爷从去年年初开始中风卧床不起，一切均靠着我奶奶的照料。去年一年，就回国两次老家，也做不了什么，仅仅看望，陪陪老人。

前两年开始，每年年后，爷爷看着我们出去务工，心里都特别难过是，舍不得。奶奶说，我们走后，爷爷想念我们，睡不着，一个在房里走来走去。当看到彭国臣老人卧床后，不让侄孙松柏出去，心里最触动了。躺在床上喊叫，都是那么的真，与相似。爷爷刚中风卧床，每天晚上都疼痛难受的喊叫，隔几分钟就需要别人帮忙把靠垫的褥子往上挪一下，暂时缓解。

我生活的湾子里，还没有那些那么可怜的人。也没有那么多黑暗悲伤故事，大家生活的都还行，不至于缴不了学费，上不了学。湾里唯一一位无儿女的低保老人，以前家里是地主，政府给盖了房子，低保等每年补贴快过万，过年发衣服米油的，自己平时做农活儿，加收废品。小日子过得很好。

电影在涉及农村扶贫这块儿的政治意味，需要客观些，从大局观着眼，不能站一个村子一个乡镇来看。农村的贫苦人家一直都存在的。托尔斯泰说：幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。勤劳致富，这是不变的法则。一直靠别人救济，永远你都难致富。

彭国臣老人，参军报国抗战九年，浴血奋战，值得我们所有人的敬仰。

彭松柏，作为一个侄孙，对待叔爷爷这般好，真的是比爷爷还好了。帮老爷爷洗澡擦屁股，可谓孝孙典范，现在也没有多少年轻人能够做到。侄曾孙和侄曾孙女，到床边给老爷爷吃的。切西瓜，立马送到床上。这个家庭是一个有故事的家庭，是一个有温情有爱的家庭。

农村里的老年人，大多都是头发斑白，佝偻着背，儿孙常年在外务工，难得回来几次。承欢膝下，这个词，在农村或将成为历史。城市化发展，人越来越地涌进城，服务于城市发展。农村就像一块孤岛一般，留守老人与儿童，则是这孤岛中的守望者。

纪录片《川军老兵彭国臣》内容简介 (500字版)

Brief Introduction of documentary The Sichuan Army Veteran PENG Guochen

本片是蒋能杰导演发起的抗战老兵系列纪录片中的一部。记录曾参加抗战和内战的川军百岁老兵彭国臣晚年（2012-2017年）的生活状况。以彭老和侄孙彭松柏日常生活为主线，探讨日益严峻的中国养老问题。

彭老参军九年，曾抵御日寇，却因国军身份，解甲归田后，反成“四类分子”，常遭受异样的眼光。终身未婚的彭老跟侄孙彭松柏一起过活，晚年的彭国臣身体越来越差，渐渐没了赚钱的能力。政府发放的每月55元的微薄养老金难以支撑日益增长的生活开支，而彭老的高龄补贴也迟迟没有领到。

2013年国家民政部将原国民党抗战老兵列入抚恤对象，但彭老一直没有尝到政策的甜头。直到2015年抗战胜利70周年，政府关怀突然到来，一波一波来了又走了，彭老生活始终没有实质性的改善。

2016年彭老开始卧床不起，生活起居全靠侄孙彭松柏照料，对侄孙的依赖也越来越强。彭松柏同样面临上有老下有下的经济压力，在希望与放弃之间徘徊，在离开与陪伴之间纠结。

村里常广播精准扶贫工作，由于上级领导检查，彭松柏家突然收到一本册子，才明白彭老早已属扶贫对象，门上也悄悄挂了牌子。只是上面写的不小数目扶贫款却从未收到。彭松柏多次向相关部门反映，几经折腾扶贫款依然没有领到。

2017年彭老离开人世，彭老的高龄补贴和扶贫款也不了了之。侄孙彭松柏继续承担养老送终之责任，负债举行了体面的葬礼。

Peng Guochen joined the army for nine years and fought against the Japanese before, but because he belonged to the National Revolutionary Army, after his coming back to hometown, he was treated unfairly as four kinds of elements. He wasn’t married in the whole life and lived with grandnephew family. His health condition is worse and worse in later life, also lost ability of earning money gradually. Old aged pension RMB55 per month paid by government is too little to pay for ever-increasing living expenses. He never received the old age allowance even if he should.

In 2013 Ministry of Civil Affairs treated KMT Anti-Japanese War veterans as entitled groups, but Peng Guochen didn’t taste the sweetness of this policy. Until 2015 that is 70th anniversary of Chinese people Anti-Japanese War, government cared for them suddenly, they paid visits many times, however his life didn’t get real better.

In 2016 Peng Guochen was bedridden, grandnephew took care of his everything, he relied on his grandnephew more and more. Peng Songbai faced economic pressures because he is sandwich generation, he was hesitated between hope and disappointment, also between leaving or staying.

Village broadcast usually reports the news of taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty. This family suddenly received a notebook because of high-level leader inspection, from that notebook they knew their family belonged to those living below the poverty line, even there was also a sign on the door and showing much poverty relief funds, they never received money. Peng Songbai checked with the related government departments many times, but finally got nothing.

This is one of Anti-Japanese War veteran documentary series directed by Jiang Nengjie. It shows the later life (2012-2017) of centenarian Sichuan veteran Peng Guochen. The main line is daily life of Peng Guochen and his grandnephew Peng Songbai, in order to discuss about the increasingly serious problem of supporting elder people.

In 2017 Peng Guochen passed away, there was no more updated news for old age allowance and poverty relief funds. Peng Songbai borrowed money and was in debt to give him an honorable burial.

纪录片《川军老兵彭国臣》内容简介 (200字版)

Brief Introduction of documentary The Sichuan Army Veteran PENG Guochen

本片是蒋能杰导演发起的抗战老兵系列纪录片中的一部。记录曾参加抗战和内战的川军百岁老兵彭国臣晚年（2012-2017年）的生活状况。彭老抗战身份一直不被认同，终身未娶，晚年与侄孙彭松柏一家过活，生活不能自理时，全靠侄孙彭松柏照料。侄孙彭松柏也面临上有老下有小的经济压力。而彭老的高龄补贴、精准扶贫款等惠民政策，当地迟迟未予落实。虽有反映和上访，但始终没有结果。2017年102岁的彭老离开人世，侄孙负债举行体面的葬礼。该片主要探讨日益严峻的中国养老问题。

This is one of Anti-Japanese War veteran documentary series directed by Jiang Nengjie. It shows the later life (2012-2017) of centenarian Sichuan veteran Peng Guochen. He wasn’t admitted as Anti-Japanese War veteran, and wasn’t married in the whole life. He lived with grandnephew Peng Songbai family in later life, when he couldn’t take care of himself on his own, grandnephew took care of him. But Peng Songbai faced economic pressures since he is sandwich generation. Their local government didn’t pay old age allowance and poverty relief funds to them, even if they appealed to the higher authorities for help but got nothing finally. In 2017 Peng Guochen was 102 years old and passed away, Peng Songbai borrowed money and was in debt to give him an honorable burial. This documentary mainly discusses about the increasingly serious problem of supporting elder people.